The Impact of Social Media Marketing in Marketing Communication Opportunities: in Context of Dell

T fitting of meat No. Content P board yield 1. T fit of Content 1 2. revoke 2 3. entry 3 4. literary fruitions review 4 5. dell task Model 7 6 jar of hearty Media trade in dell Current intercourse action 8 7. Challenges of tender Media market in the merchandise Environment 11 8. Benefits of amicable Media selling in the merchandise Environment 13 9. Conclusion 15 10. summons 16 2. generalization neighborly media merchandising is no protracted a foreign to telephone circuit vendor nowadays. This paper ordain examine the push of mixer media market on the market converse opportunities in context of dingle in the United States. Basically, this assignment en send be begun with the introduction which generally explains roughly the consequence of kind media. Next, some(prenominal) writings reviews exit be hand overd to explain on the merchandise intercourse subroutine and how regainible media trade impacted on the dell real talk a ct.Then, several challenges and benefits of cordial media market will be illustrated at the end of this paper. Keywords neighborly media merchandise, merchandising communion cultivate, media fomite, consumers, capacity 3. Introduction Undeniably, revolution of socio-technological has profoundly transplantd the panaches and g all overnment agency of media consumption. From super-fast digitally em indicator lap assoils to mobile eBook readers. either of these aspects fuck off affected how art ( mugs) and consumers advance and and then limit the bearing of selling communicatings will be functioning. genius of the close signifi foundationt evolutions when battalion mouth well-nigh trade tools or strategies is the takings of complaisant media marketing. Fundamentally, loving media marketing is a way of unifying with consumers by means of the current technology (i. e. The Inter utmost). As of now, in that location atomic upshot 18 more than 800 million acti ve voice users in Facebook, over 3 billion videos atomic flake 18 viewed per day and 100 million sight use chirp every superstar day. Having all cordial media channel ready(prenominal) for consumers, this provides consumers with plenty of choices in products and services in the market. alongside, fond media marketing has impacted on chtype Aionshipes marketing communion opportunities. 4. Literature Review The emergence of bracing converse impart via the Internet has tremendously affect demarcationes way of marketing strategies (Owen and Humphrey, 2009). One of the most signifi croupt developments to the venders is the effects from the Internet evolution from the convictions of Web 2. 0 or affable media as a media vehicle to renounce the capacity to the can market (Constantinides et al. 2008). affable media marketing in this context is the opportunities provided for rail line to go along with the society, with the help of the organizations brand, thence resul ting in building a positive affiliation and develop brand influence by dint of and through the Internet as the medium of communication (Pandey, 2010). Murphy (2010) mentioned that a good marketing scheme occurs when organization or seller employ the right communication transmit or media to send the right caseedness and reaching the right market.Therefore, it is vital for marketer to understand the communication process when using affectionate media as the media vehicle in the marketing communication. Kotler (n. d. , p. 546) mentioned that there atomic number 18 several divisions that involved in the communication process in prescribe to determine potent communication. The major two parties in the communication ar the sender (marketer) and receiving system (market). some new(prenominal) major communication tool is the media vehicle or media channel which carries the centre to the set aboutr.Alongside the communication parties and media vehicle, there atomic numbe r 18 quaternary major communication functions encoding, decoding, response and feedback. Finally, the element of noise as well interferes in the communication process. Dargiewicz (2010) suggested that in order to communicate in an potent way, the sender mustiness wear an understanding of the point of the message, who be the scrape hearing to be reached and how the audience will interpret and react to the message. Schramms dumbfound of communication points out that the senders ncoding process must be limpid with the luff audiences decoding process, whereby, the more marketer topic of experience overlaps with the rump markets field of experience, the advanceder is the goodness of process of communication (Dargiewicz, 2010 Holm, 2006). The matches of both parties experiences ar called the Sh atomic number 18d set of Reference. Figure 1 Willbur Schramm cast blood line Dargiewicsz, K. (2010) monologue vs Dialogue How Innovative affable Media engineering Developing Effective selling communion Strategies online. open at http//www. s eyelide piece of land. et/guywithideas/ cordial-media-dissertation Accessed fifteenth declination 2011 The high train of put associated with affectionate media as the media vehicle makes mixer media is highly acceptable among the tar get along audiences compared to traditionalisticistic media vehicle oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as televisions, newspapers, billboard and etc. (Inklingmedia, n. d. ). Mohr and Nevin (1990), bring up that, the transfer of trust may distort the message that is being sent. harmonize to DesignDamage (n. d. ), social media fosters a highly transactional model of communication which it allows two-part communication through the feedback mechanism that traditional media non able to offer. tralatitious media vehicles were similarly argued to be a merely one-way process communication, whereby, the message is not clearly communicated or received by the target audience in most of the time (Dargiewicz, 2010). The Shared retch of Reference suggested by Willbur Schramm model is ruffled with social media because it offers consumers to fortune their experience in the communication process. Calder and Malthouse (2005) supports that everything that influence the nodes experience is a authorization marketing vehicle.Therefore, in order to illustrate the theory of social media marketing in context of organization, this paper will look at the impact of social media marketing in dell pot in the United States. 5. dingle profession line Model The founder of dell calculating machine Incorporation is Michael dell in 1984. dells primary products are individual(prenominal) and office computers and business of dell in like manner engages in different products much(prenominal) as printers and software. A feature that determines PC companies such as dell to manage their products is through calibration of PCs. The main benefit of standardization is that it helps dell to concentrate on the appeal of productions.However, when dell adopted standardization scheme, it made dingle more generic with different PCs companies such as IBM, Compact and Hewlett-Packard since most of PCs companies had access to the same suppliers such as Intel and Microsoft. Therefore, dell started a new direct business model based on customization start that enables computers or laptops to be produced according to nodes requirements in order to be more competitive. However, standardization approached has still remained in dells business model. The customization approach varies its products from customer to other customer without changing the brand name.Having customization strategy in dingle business model, dell has to eliminate third party as the middle-man and sell its products directly to the final customer, whether the mercenary customers or private users. Such business model allows dingle to reach more clients and business units and cut cost with chang e supply chain. Unfortunately, dell is facing stock-still a bigger issue to proportion out the standardization and customization approach as there is no one improve method. fit in to The Indian land of be after and Management (n. d. ), customer is the constitute frugal driver to what dingle is doing.Therefore, dingle extend its approach to engage with their customers through the social media marketing to market their brand and communicate with their customers. 6. Impact of companionable Media selling on Current dell Communication Process M any companies including dingle, hand over realized that social media is a new platform for communication. Dells key policy is continuously being a direct and effective in terms of its communication theory. Dell and digital communication through the internet was never scattered since it started to conduct e-commerce business which change its customized products directly to the customer.Since Dell lovely the web logosphere in 20 06, social media marketing has al slipway been its karyon communication and marketing strategies. According to Dave (2011), social media efforts at Dell helps to sustain the business objectives such as aim to reduce cost, increase revenue and enhance customers satisfaction. According to Blythe (2000), the first key of effective communication is to identify the target audience. Social media marketing provide opportunities for dell to separate their target audiences according to social media channel. For ex angstrom unitle, Dell residential area has a mixture of blogs that reflects several key channels.This includes discussion on education to business consultation. divergent range of blogs that provided by Dell ensures that schooling and discussion would be apply to cater several specification of audiences. In a same way, Dell has diametric kinds of Twitter channels to reflect polar purposes. Correspond to Dell Cares, it provides assistance to the customer on any matter cogita te to the Dells products. This portrays how Dell has separated its branding strategy and how various Twitter accounts comprehendd differently by the audiences.Therefore, Dell will be able to encode the right message such marketing campaign, to the specific target audience through the right social media channel. There are some other brands out there in the market today compared to in the past. Dargiewicz (2010) points out that all are severe to communicate a large number of messages to their target audience daily, which interfering the target audience to get the right message across. Thus, social media has changed the communication landscape in providing opportunities for Dell to contrive a bipartite communication with its customers.A good communication is the role of the encoders and decoders expertness and its portrayed by the medium which the encoded message is delivered. Realized the effectiveness of social media as the medium of communication, Direct2Dell was launched by D ell, its very proclaim corporate blog through Twitter. Its social media efforts have provided a two-way noninterchangeable communications, whereby, target audiences able to provide feedback content such as ratings and reviews with regards to the issues of Dells products.Moreover, the feedback provided by the customer is in real-time, whereby, the feedback is lift directly from customers and Dell able to measure their products. For instance, product that has five-stars rating should last out and two-star ratings should be removed. According to Pickton and Broderick (2001, p. 182), feedback will improve the trueness of the communication to ensure that message has been right received and understood, which is one of the reasons why social media is a powerful communication vehicle in Dell communication process.Plus, the chief executive officer of Dell Computer, emphasized that friendship must be able to listen and connect with its customers and emergence of social media has provi ded Dell the hazard to engage with its customers (Farrelly, 2009). Given the feedback mechanism that social media can offer, Dells has interpreted a major step to prepare a Social Media listening direct Center in order to stay connected with its customers. Channey (2009) points out that listening are no longer an option scarcely instead a new marketing. Listening is crucial in the communication process because it allows Dell to understand what customers want and how customers perceive the brand.Not however did social media marketing allow Dell to understand their customers, , Dell are able to discover intimately a massive amount of issues that consumers were having with their products through their blog monitoring platform. The system could baseball swing each of these and would instantly recognize trends betwixt products, geographic areas, or specific communications with Dell. For instance, Dell proactively approach consumers in the blogosphere and in online community abo ut battery recall, thus allow better response and bushel customers problem as quickly as possible.Plus, customers were likewise able to check whether their battery part of the recall. Furthermore, social media marketing has fostered high Shared Frame of Reference between the sender (marketer) and the receiver (audience) that influence effective communication. Dell has created online intentional studio that gives the ability for its customers to change the rule of their laptops by choosing a custom switchable lid themselves. Online designed studio has given Dells customers the opportunities to virtually experience the issue of their customization laptop, thus, encourage Shared Frame of Reference between Dell and its customers.In addition, not only did social media marketing fostered high Shared Frame of Reference between the marketer and the audience but in any case among Dell customers. Dell has launched online community for its living and potential customers to communicate a nd reciprocation information. According to Bazaarvoice (n. d. ), 90 percent of consumers online notion the recommendations from people they know and 70 percent belief the opinions of unknown users because people tend to trust and often seek the advice from another someone or group of people over brands.This characteristic enables consumer to gather as much information about Dells related products and services before reservation purchase decision. Shaw et al. (2000, p. 152) added that a positive feedback can turn into a good packaging the brand of the product. This is why social media perceive to have a higher level of trust and it is more acceptable compared to other media. 7. Challenges of Social Media Marketing in the Marketing Environment Social media marketing has sure enough influence the communication process of Dell with its consumer.However, there are several challenges that social media is facing in the marketing environment. Social media allows thousands of convers ation streams to be addressed per day. but representing a team of marketers will not be able to handle such a great amount of conversation. Definitely, the number of marketers is not sufficient and it is more apparent that these marketers are not equipped with comprehensively subject matter expertise that required them to communicate and respond at the square-toed level of reliable conversation. The consequence of ignoring this can be overwhelming.The risks of involving untrained employees to represents on behalf of Dell could jeopardize Dell reputation. Once Dell further its employees to be active on blogs, Dell is exposed to the risk of round members writing shunly and revealing hole-and-corner(a) information about the organization. For example, in 2007, a former employee of Dell had posted a list of tips in a blog for customers who are searching for Dell products (Farrelly, 2009). The employee had no issues with Dell and just wanted to share information for customers such as the high hat time to purchase and how to get the superior deal.Therefore, it is essential for Dell to have graceful employees that have the ability to monitor and respond to its consumers thought. Additionally, due to high transparency in social media, competitors may know the strategies of Dell and consumers are more well-informed about Dell products and pricing strategy. Essentially, the engaging process with customers has always been in charged by the Dell marketing department. However, the trend has changed since the emergence of social media. The consumers are now communicating about the organizations product with other online users who are not the employees.In fact, 66 percent of brand opinions are generated by customers and 34 percent are by blogger (Dave, 2011). The growing favoriteity of online communities has allow consumers to exchange information and able to compare with competitors prices without any barriers. This means Dell have baffled their ability to contr ol over on how and where their products and services are being presented to be and potential customers. Moreover, any disappointed Dell customer able to share their negative judgment on particular products. The defective feedback posted on Twitter or Facebook can easily go viral as good news.For instance, in 2005, Jeff Jarvis, blogger and noted journalist and professor created a ad hominem blog known as Dell Hell. Jeff had a problem with his Dell computer and frustrated with Dell customer service. Therefore, he expressed his frustration with Dells products and customer support on the blog. Dell Hell served as a beam for other consumers to express their frustration on Dell. As for Dell, the situation has attracted the attention of other media from The New York Times, Business Week, The Houston Chronicle and many others, thus, reputation of Dell as the long-familiar brand for PCs was at disaster.Moreover, the social media substance abuse or consumption of the new-fashioned audie nce may differ compared to the previous generation. It has been a challenge for the marketers to develop marketing communication strategies in order to sync with this contemporary talking to to make sure that the transmittable brand messages are received and decently encoded across different age group. The young audiences who are called digital natives were raised up in the modern technological era. They have been adapted to the development and respond to information in a different way with their predecessors.Different to the young audience, the previous generations are known as digital immigrants because they are exposed with modern technologies only in the later stage compared to the young audience. They have different ways of understanding the language of social media. Therefore, this will be credibly a challenge for businesses including Dell to strategize how to get the message across different age group through social media marketing. 8. Benefits of Social Media Marketing A lthough social media marketing have its disadvantages, it has also brought several values in the marketing environment.Firstly, due to the fact that social media has no barrier for communication it has encouraged companies like Dell to allow customer participation in their marketing strategies. For example, Dell has created Dells IdeaStorm, one of the online company blogs to encourage conversation with its exist and potential consumers. The benefit that the IdeaStorm is able to give is it allows crowdsourcing from the consumers. This is an effective way for Dell to obtain ideas for their company and more importantly, it provides a sense of be from onsumers because their opinion influences the internal decision making, thus increase their loyalty, brand awareness and affirm their positioning. Plus, not only social media provide suggestion to Dell, it also help other fellow customers to fix their problem. The process are similar to other social media, whereby, people join the comm unity, recommend their opinions or ideas and then, Dell will respond to the most popular ideas according to the number of votes. In addition, it also provides a free market seek for Dell.This is a benefit for Dell because most of surveys conducted are deemed to be ineffective because it only focus on certain groups and also incur higher cost. Finally, social media marketing has also assist Dell in their pricing strategy. Since the consumers are more active in social media, Dell able to get their opinion and forecast the aim and price of their products. Plus, Dell product customization business model through the social media marketing can reduce their gross revenue cycle. Different from short sales cycle, long sales cycles requires people at several stages of the purchasing process.Ironically, when salespeople are spending their time engaging new businesses and relationship to ensure that customers receive satisfactory answers, he or she is rather unproductive because company only creates bills if customers are actually buying the products. This jumper lead up to opportunity cost because the sales rep is not making any deals. Therefore, Dell able to reduce the marketing cost through social media marketing. 9. Conclusion In conclusion, Dell has continuously evaluated its business model to search for rooms of improvement and ways to enhance their customer service.Social media marketing has certainly influenced Dell in their marketing communication process and widened their reach to its existing and potential customers. In the early historic period of Dell in the blogosphere, Dell has effectively incorporated social media into its marketing and communications strategy and had been awarded for its efforts. Despite of the effort to integrate social media marketing into the business, social media marketing has its drawbacks. Dell cannot afford to put their brand reputation at risk and thus, must find ways to overcome the challenges. Today, Dell US is one f the top companies that is being respected and known as the citizen of the social media. Hence, Dell had applied this new establish knowledge to really change the culture and advance the marketing strategy while constantly being focus and direct with its customers. (3078 words) References 1. Bazaarvoice (n. d. ) Social Commerce Statistics online. getable at http//www. bazaarvoice. com/resources/stats Accessed sixteenth declination 2011 2. Blythe, J. (2000) The Communication mix. In Marketing Communications. Harlow Pearson Education exceptional 3. Calder, B. J. and Edward C. M. 2005) Managing Media and Advertising Change with interconnected Marketing, ledger of Advertising Research, Vol 45(4), pp. 356-361 online. forthcoming at http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/ degree? sid=fe58d1b1-1a35-4d30-a99d-d1943e084662%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=buh&AN=20486625 Accessed at 12th celestial latitude 2011 4. Channey, P. (2009) Social Media Liste ning is the New Marketing online. open at http//www. practicalecommerce. com/articles/976-Social-Media-Listening-is-the-New-Marketing Accessed fifteenth December 2011 5. Constantinides, E. et al. 2008) Social Media A New Frontier for retail merchant?. European Retail Research, Vol 22, pp. 1-28 online. on hand(predicate) at http//www. utwente. nl/mb/nikos/publications/ecpapers/constantinidessocialmedia. pdf Accessed 14th December 2011 6. Dargiewicsz, K. (2010) Monologue vs Dialogue How Innovative Social Media Technology Developing Effective Marketing Communication Strategies online. acquirable at http//www. slideshare. net/guywithideas/social-media-dissertation Accessed 15th December 2011 7. Dave, R. (2011) How to Engage in Social Media A Dell Perspective online. Available at http//i. dell. om/sites/content/business/solutions/power/en/Documents/ps1q11-20110266-socialmedia. pdf Accessed at 15th December 2011 8. 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Available at http//www. pearsoned. ca/highered/divisions/virtual_tours/kotler/kotler_ch13. pdf Accessed 13th December 2011 3. Mohr, J and Nevin, J. R. (1990) Communication Strategies in Marketing Channels Theoretical Perspective. The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54 (4), pp. 36-51 online. Available at http//www. jstor. org/ steadfast/1251758? seq=1 Accessed 15th December 2011 14. Murphy, D. (2010) Traditional vs. New Media Channels Online. Available at http//masterful-marketing. com/marketing-channel-strategy/ Accessed 12th December 2011 15. Owen, R. and Humphrey, P. (2009) The Structure of Online Marketing Communication Channels. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, Vol 2, pp. 1-10 online. Available at http//www. abri. com/manuscripts/09135. pdf Accessed 13th December 2011 16. Pandey, S. (n. d. ) Social Media Marketing and New while Communication Online. Available at http//www. slideshare. net/sycamore/cfakepathsocial-mediacommimi Accessed 12th December 2011 17. 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'Syria Conflict\r'

'Introduction The Syrian Arab country is an Arab rude in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the North, Iraq to the East, Jordan to the South, and Israel to the Southwest. In evidence 2011, the Syria conflict has begun delinquent(p) to divers(a) reasons and is mollify going on today. This outbreak is one of the key factors which resulted the Arab Spring (Arab Uprising). Arab Spring refers to the egalitarian rises that arose free-livingly and send across the Arab terra firma in 2011.The jib originated in Tunisia in December 2010 and pronto overlyk hold in Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. In these countries, the citizens intiatied the protests as the command families apply been keeping the effect for too grand (Arab Spring, 2012). In Syria, the conflict goes up to its peak as the transformation against the ascertain of Syria death chair Bashar Al-Assad’s (Mr Assad). consort to th e modish report of the Human Right Organization, much than 36,000 plurality were killight-emitting diode in this complaisant put for contendd of fight (Khera, 2012).In this essay, the roots of the conflict will be traced and analysed using the International relation (IR) theories. literary works Re arrest A literature refreshen has been conducted to investigate the causes of the conflict by applying IR theories. The traditional core of IR relates to issues concerning the phylogenesis and change of sovereign tellhood, in the consideration of the larger clay or high society of tell. In customary, in that location argon quaternary (4) study theoretical traditions in IR and will be covered as part of the study scope: • reality; •Liberalism; International Society; and •International political deliverance (IPE). reality Several general realist ideas and assumptions were discussed (Jackson, 2010). These be related to protestent aspects much(pren ominal) as pessimistic put one across of kind nature; outside(a) conflicts that are finally resolved by war, high forecast for the values of national security and state survival and basic scepticism that on that point flush toilet be progress in international politics that is comparable to that in domestic political life. In summary, with realist, states are the just about important factor. altogether states tend to take self-interested and their primary concern is survival (Wikipedia). Liberalism The opposite theory is Liberalism, which started by John Locke in the seventeenth (17th) century. He believed that as the victimisation of technologies and plenty nookyister master the nature, thither are great potential that flock could flourish in states that guaranteed individual liberty. Liberals, differ from realist, take a positive view of human nature. And for them, conflict and war are avoidable.According to John Locke, the core concern of Liberalism is the pleasu re and contentment of individual human beings. A dry land is in a state of liberalism when a citizen within that country can live their lives and pursue their happiness without opposite tidy sum interference. (Jackson, 2010) There is a major struggle in the midst of idealist Liberalism and pessimist realness. A main point in this controversy is concerned about â€Å"human nature”, as Liberalism takes a positive view of human nature epoch Realism holds a contradict view. (Jackson, 2010) (Arab Spring, 21) International SocietyUnlike Realism and Liberalism International Society is one of guileless IR approach which tries to avoid the relentless choice mingled with state self-confidence and conflict and human goodwill and cooperation. or else of adopting the classical Realist pessimistic view or classical Liberalism optimistic view, it occupies a fleck between those two and develops that into a affiliate IR approach. (Jackson, 2010) International Political thrift International Political Economy (IPE) is the debate where they claimed that there is a link between politics and sparings as rise as the nature and extent of economic globalization.IPE is ultimately concerned with the ways in which political forces (states, institutions, individual actors, etc. ) anatomy the systems by dint of which economic inter bodily functions are expressed, and conversely the effect that economic interactions (including the power of incorpo valuated markets and individuals acting both within and out of admissions them) engage upon political structures and outcomes. (Jackson, 2010) Syrian Confliction round The first protest erupted on swear out 2011 in Deraa after the arrest and wring of some teenagers who were painted with revolutionary slogans on a school wall.In order to draw away the un restrainlable chaotic item, minimum array forces were suitably in move into to denigrate the protest through the use of checkpoint track blocks. As the p rotest occurd and spread widely over the country the citizens demanded for the electric chair Bashar Al-Assad’s resignation. By July 2011 hundreds of thousand deal taking to streets, town and cities across the countries such as Alepo, Hama, Homs and Deraa (BBC, 2012). As the act of protest has become uncontrollable, the establishment applied the host forces to crush the dissent and sending tanks to Deraa in late March 2011.Rockets and mortars were also apply to hit the rebel stronghold (See appurtenance 1. 1 †Homs Feb 2012). After a calendar month of bombardment, the rebels retreated with an figure of more than 700 pot were killed. People within the country have to flee to neighboring countries such as Turkey up to several months. According to the statistics recorded by the United Nations refugee bureau, there are more than 200,000 Syrians who have registered with the agency fled to Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. There was also an unofficial estimate of the refugees which puts the chassis much higher and those figures are expected to rise.The Government in Jordan as well as some otherwise countries permitted the quench of Syrians within the countries, provided with minimum necessities and protection such as food and security guards. All the refugees were instructed to assemble in one popular area, allowing the government to take care and control the crowds easily. In this Syria crisis, add of bomb blasts took place in different cities. Many slew were killed in the civil war delinquent to the bomb strikes. Apart from causing deaths nigh of the facilities in the cities were destroyed.The war has deniably resulted various negative implications to Syria in terms of wad, environment and asset. The Syrian government has put the blame of these activities to the terrorists which conjugate to the al-Qeada as well as a shadowy group called al-Nusa Front. The al-Nusa Front has give tongue to to be one who controlled and manipulated al l the attacks and shelling activities. Based on the latest figures provided by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the number of deaths report has been increased to 21067 and 5980 the great unwashed were killed due to the security forces.Therefore the United Nations has charged the Syrian government and security forces for the violation of international humanitarian law. A peace contrive was suggested and conducted by the UN envoy, Kofi Annan and the negotiation mission started in April 2012. However as violence escalated, Mr. Annan resigned and withrew from the country. At the comparable time Mr. Assad still shows no sign of leaving his power and there seems to be no end to the crisis. take after down the root of the paradox. As mentioned in the previous divisions, the outbreak of the civil war has brought many negative implications to the country.There appears to have no solution for the civil war. Thus various researches were conducted to investiga te and analyse the causes of the problem. In most recent research, Manfreda has pointed critical points which has led to the Syrian uprising (Manfreda, 2012): •Political Repression; •Unstable Economy; •Media influence; and •Fear of state power. The political repression is one of the main reasons which causes the outbreak of Syrian war. Since 1950s, there was not any pacific stir of power, as the change appears to find through a military coup detat or an uprising (Manfreda, 2012).For casing as soon as the President Bashar al-Assad has contractable the power in 2000, he quickly rushed into the handle of reformation while the power remains concentrated in the govern family. Besides political repression, the unstability of parsimony in Syria is believed to be one of the causes which led to the uprising. The economy in Syria has become unsustainable due to the quick expansion of the population. At evince the population in Syria is estimated to be 20 mill ion, with an average growth rate of 2. 4 percents. Based on the statistical review article this figure stays among one of the orbit’s highest growth rate.A Syrian economist, thrive Sukkar has agreed that Syria is currently having a problem with the oversizing of population. It is difficult for the government to sustain the citizens by providing ample welfares and healthcares. The unemployment rate has increased because the government is not able to create sufficient job opportunities to the people. An official figure was reported by the governmnet stating that the unemployment rate is estimated to be 10 percents. However with the combination of other independent estimates the rate of unemployment is believed to be approximately 25 percents.In addition, the natural disaster such as persistent drought struck north-eastern of Syria. This has caused a severe devastation to the farming communities and bear upon more than a million of people since 2008. Due to the negligence o f the government, thousands of farmer families were standed from poverty. These people from the farming communities have vented their angers and frustrations through participation of the protest activities. Furthermore due to the cautious reform of the remnants of socialism, it opened the door to private investment which in circle triggered an explosion of consumerism among the urban upper-middle classes.However, privatization has favored families with ain links to Assad, which made the jobs remained scarce for people within the country (Manfreda, 2012). Apart from that the sense was raised by different message of media. The advancement in technology has candid the people to the world issues throguh various approaches for instance internet. Previously the government tried to desist the youths from exposing to more information by throttle the means of media. However the attempt was failed since the state media is no longer the main bridle-path to the citizens.The use of the new media is critical to the activist networks that underpin the uprising in Syria (Manfreda, 2012). Although the apprehension of state of the citizens has existed for a truly long time since the govern of Assad family, the brutal responses to the people in the peaceful protest in Spring 2011 has outraged the people. As a result of the snowball effect, more citizens fall in the protest. Additionally, many Syrians resent the fact that so much power is monopolised by the Alawi families, a Shiite religious minority to which the Assad family belong.Although this is not considered as the driving force of the uprising in Syria, the combination of a majority Sunni pretest strawman and an Alawi-dominated military has added to the tension in conscientiously mixed areas, such as city of Homs (Manfreda, 2012). Analysis the problem using IR theoretical. The causes led to the outbreak of the Syrian war were discussed in the former section. In this section the problems will be analysed us ing the IR theory. Irrefutably, the brutal and aggressive way of ruling in Syria by Assad family triggered the anger of the people in the country.The Realism theory can be accounted for the approach espouse by the Assad family in ruling the country. As state in the Realism theory, as a human character, people ever so require to be in driver’s seat. Thucydides (1972:406) also stated that the standard of arbitrator depends on the equality to compel and that in act the strong do what they have to power to do and the worn out subscribe what they have to accept Also, Machiavelli (1984:66) indicated the main tariff of the normal is always to seek the advantages and to carry the interests of their state and consequently ensure the survival.In this , President Bashar Al-Assad’s ways of ruling the country is comprehensible, as he wants to accept the country to the new path of development, which can assure the country state and position amongst the Arab countries ( Robert, 2010). However, these action moves created a massive conflict between the citizens and Assad family as the security of the citizens is being abused. This has directly caused he citizens losing their senses of security with the ruling family and wherefore the rebellion arose.According to Thomas Hobbes , he believes that monarch butterfly states are the principal factor in international system. States are inherently always obsessed with security which might lead to â€Å"security dilemima” whereby increasing one’s security power can lend along even greater instability as an opposing power builds up its own arms in response. Since ruling Syria, the Assad family had built up a very strong security power through various means such as developing the massive destruction weapons.This has so intimidated the safety of the neighbouring Arab countie and it is now understandable why certain countries such as Turkey and Isarel supported the rebel by providing armors and weapons for the people to go against the government. At the same time, Mr. Assad was assisted by Russia with the supply of weapons to continue fighting in the war. Therefore the view has gone worse due to the supports from other countries in the war. With Liberalism theory, liberals believe that monopoly in power must be avoided.With the Republican liberalism theory, it is believed that democary states do not go against each other as they share the same virtuous values, and to their mutually benifical tie of economic cooperation and interdependence. However, for the Arab countries in general and Syria in specific, the monarchy system has been adopted by these countries over the centuries. Based on the findings in the previous section, it was identified that there is no peaceful power transfer in Syria since 1970. The prolonged imbalanced situation has resulted in the rise of the awareness among the citizens.Besides the issues of riches and porverty mentioned by IPE are critical in the world of politic. Violent conflicts nowadays can even take place at bottom the states due to the unstable economy, especially the weak states where the conflict can be bonded up with the development and underdevelopment. Since 1970, the Assad family has been tightly manipulated the economy. All the privileges of ecocomy went to the family and thus creating an imbalanced condition between the ruler and citizens. In addition, due to the overgrowth of population, there were no adequate job opportunities provided by the government to the citizens.As a result the unemployment rate has increased causing the people to suffer from poverty. Conclusion In a nutshell, the revolution in Syria is inevitable due to the number of reasons such as the adoption of monarchy system and unstability of economy. It is believed that the only way to terminate the civil war is through the assistance of impertinent forces to suppress the furious citizens and introduce a fair and transparent political process for the selection of new ruler in the country for instance through the adoptation of democracy system.Bibliography Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Realism (international relations). Retrieved 11 17, 2012, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) Arab Spring. (2012, 09 21). Retrieved 11 20, 2012, from Sourcewatch: http://www. sourcewatch. org/index. php? human action=Arab_Spring BBC. (2012, 08 30). Syria: The story of the conflict. Retrieved 11 04, 2012, from BBC intelligence service: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-middle-east-19331551 Jackson, R. (2010). Introduction to International relations Throries and approaches.Oxford University Press. Khera, J. (2012, 05 29). Syria crisis: computation the victims. Retrieved 11 04, 2012, from BBC News: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-middle-east-18093967 Manfreda, P. (2012). Syrian Uprising : Top ten reasons for the uprising in Syria. Retrieved 11 5, 2012, from middleeast. about. com: http://middleeast. abo ut. com/od/syria/tp/Syrian-Uprising. htm Robert, G. (2010). Realism. In Introduction to International Relations (pp. 59-94). Oxfords: Oxfords Univerity Press.\r\n'

'Foreign Literature Essay\r'

'Nowadays, we argon living in a existence that everything exist makes our life easier. Technologies, upgrade and stir rapid and it will last for massive time. At the moment, folks is still utilise the most useful and informative military issue in searching signifi dealt things. mesh domesticate is the best way in exploring matters, and before long numerous argon exploiting it. Business, government, organizations, companies are the everyday users of meshing. Reasons why battalion use internet is because it will provide and suggest sites that you shadow assure you will not dupe by some people who are untrusted. Business like selling and reserving theater of operations and circulates has their own websites that you can figure and inquire if you are interested in acquire there house and lots.\r\n instantly people are not lots put campaign in get or reserving house and lot, one of the flat coat is they are busy on their work and they cannot a lot time to consult the ramification. Instead of visiting some department they just surf the internet to go to sleep what are the subdivisions that are selling soaring class or regular entitle of houses and how extent the lots that can be reserved by the customer. Tarlac is one of the provinces who are progressive and still strive ambitious just to make it well-liked by the individuals who had been on this place. There are myriads of the subdivisions in Tarlac, so competition takes place. In order to suck in emptors, different tactics and techniques are needed. enlightenment Homes Subdivision is a new take a leak subdivision located at San Jose, Tarlac.\r\n tale OF THE OBJECTIVE\r\nThis inquiry is intended and create an â€Å"Online House and bundle qualification for enlightenment Homes Subdivision” that can be accessed of the people who are interested in acquire or reserving house and lots. Precisely, it attained the accompanying objectives: * To help people in buying and reserving ho use and lots in more than easier ways. * To organized the transactions between the buyer and the governing body * To lessen the effort of the customers.\r\n importation OF THE STUDY\r\nThe Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision reinforced the plaque of the subdivision,\r\nSCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY\r\nThis research concentrates only on Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision. The system helped the administration of the subdivision and buyers to put less effort in buying and reserving house and lot in typical ways. Administration of the subdivision will not have more strategies to make just to have buyers, in the part of the administration they will not hire people who are fully grown leaflets and have an advertisement furthermore they can saved money. On the other hand, the buyers who are interested will not go to the subdivision and ask much cultivation and they can save their time in spending it with their families. \r\n'

'Ptlls Ass 1 Level 4\r'

'Ass2. V1 Assessment 2: 008 ‘Evaluate legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to the quality and responsibilities of the t apieceer’ Teachers, Tutors, Industry Trainers and Instructors atomic number 18 governed by a wide range of edict in their pr professice. Each piece of jurisprudence is from a different atomic number 18a which makes these professings a ch eitherenging and at propagation a frustrating bea to develop those savants that ar there and willing to learn. 1. 1 The let on aspects of legislation that regulate the ara that I teach ar varied.We are altogether governed by The Health & refuge at Work Act 1974, data guard Act 2008 and the Equality Act 2010 to seduce but a few. The let out regulatory requirements that I body of work to are as follows: The Comp all Health, Safety & Welfare insurance policy Company Equal Opportunities Policy CDG (Carriage of precarious Goods & shift of Pressure Equipment Regulations 2011) as amended. ADR (European parallelism Concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road 2011). The regulations are amended and updated some(prenominal) 2 years. SQA (Scottish Qualifications Association) Manual of practice.This manual has been produced by the SQA to ensure that all fosterage providers be possessed of met the set criteria as laid cut for the Instructors qualifications to lease the ADR Driver Training Courses. The call above is an extract of the key regulations that are inwardly my main learn responsibilities. In addition, there are many more(prenominal) that deal with differing aspects of industry readiness that we aim for some other companies. The complete list would be far too foresighted and it is l whizzsome(prenominal) a summary of the key aspects that are required. 2. With the above mentioned regulations there are key boundaries between the teaching role and other headmaster roles. I suggest that we fail the difference between th ese boundaries. The instructor? s role is to pass the knowledge of the paper they are teaching to the learners in a nonrecreational manner and without prejudice to any member of the class. At times overleap could be put in the focusing for the teacher, such as learning difficulties (dyslexia), consort to (Petty, 2009, p. 89) â€Å"Never show impatience with a dyslexic student; they are lots more frustrated by their difficulties than you cornerstone ever be! 1 Ass2. V1 in that respect are also behavioural issues ADHD, (Attention shortage Hyperactivity Disorder) and social boundaries (Henley,2009 [online]) sideline the case against Helen Goddard a 26 year old public check teacher who after having a sexual relationship with a scholarly person was sentenced to 15 months in prison. There are set boundaries that you as a teacher should not cross or argufy as a „ passkey? e. g. ; write out a sexist or racialist comment, criticize students in front of peers, colleague s or other students.You must recall that you are looked up to by or so of your students as a role model. You may be the only person that they can talk to about their implys outside school or college. They may want to break up you something in confidence, as a professed(prenominal) person you must remind them that you will pull in to report the conversation to your peers. In my eyeshot indoors other professions to extend students inferential criticism when other colleagues are impart is acceptcapable as the other colleagues may claim more experience within that certain area of the subject that is universe taught to the students.Despite this your responsibility as a teacher is to ensure that this situation does not limit or be get along with overbearing for the student. As a teacher / carriage within the education profession ask yourself one motility: What makes a good teacher / tutor? The answer to this question could come to you from your students or pupils. As a s tudent on a PTLLS route we researched this question in the class and came to the conclusion that most teachers need to be some of the following; Kind, Knowledgeable, Firm but Fair, Doesn? t give up on the students, Tells the truth, Encourages all of the students, Keeps confidences, Professional.Other passe-partout roles can be similar in respect to the type of character and faithfulness that is required. In the topical anesthetic communities we have many adult volunteer organisations that will have certain rules and guidelines that the adults must adhere to. 2. 2 To meet the needs of all your learners you as a teacher / tutor need to ensure that you plan for the needs of all your students. To do this tellingly you need to oblige a training roll. The elements of the training cycle are to plan, deliver, identify needs, prize and treasure.These processes are necessary, not just to aid the logistics of teaching but to allow the levels of accountability in schools, colleges and training companies to operate. â€Å"They have a token accountability to their profession, a responsibility to their peers and their students to countenance high master copy commonplaces to the culture of the nation and the community. ” (Scott, P 1989 cited in Briggs and Sommefeldt, 2002, p92) In your bear establishment as to how you implement the training cycle is paramount to how your students will placate motivated.This will allow you as an effective teacher / tutor to evaluate and assess the lessons that have delivered. This all goes hand in hand with the planning process, identifying the needs and address of the lesson. This will allow 2 Ass2. V1 you to polish your planning through assessment of the students work and your self evaluation of how the lesson has gone. In my move as an industry tutor I have had experience of a student that was diagnosed as having a degree of dyslexia. In the classroom environment this was not a problem as all of the training materi als were in colour.However when it came to the exams he used a green filter (Clisby et al. , 2000 [online] ) laid on top of the question paper as it was printed on white paper. This allowed the student to be able to read and understand the questions that he needed to answer to gain a 70% pass mark for the exams that were taken on that sidereal day. To become an effective and professional teacher / tutor you need to follow-up all your learners? needs in whatsoever the learning environment. 2. 3 To evaluate your receive responsibilities with other professionals you must be able to understand what other professionals do as a profession.As a teacher / tutor you will have a professional relationship with differing types of professionals. School Governing Body, uphold Staff and at those others within the local authority that support them. The larger professional bodies associated with the teaching profession are meth (National Union of Teachers), ATL (Association of Teachers and Le cturers) and the NAHT (National Association of Head Teachers). To evaluate my own responsibilities with other professional bodies that are associated with my profession in this case would include, RTITB (Road Transport Industry Training Board).Within this body as a qualified FLT Instructor (Fork leaven Truck Instructor) I have responsibilities to both my students and to the training manager. These are to ensure the course is conducted the correct time frame, e. g. a overcompensate Fork Lift course with a ratio of 3-1 it would be completed in 5 days with each day consisting of 8 hours training per day. DSA (Driver Standards chest) within this professional body I am a qualified LGV (Large Goods Vehicle) Driving Instructor the responsibilities that furbish up me are to ensure that when the vehicle is presented for a driving test that it is fit for purpose.The vehicle has to be of a set standard e. g. it must have eight forward gears, ABS brakes (Anti-Lock Brakes) seatbelts fitted for both the driver and the examiner (DSA 2012 [online]). I have further responsibilities when conducting courses for drivers in the carriage of dangerous goods. The SQA (Scottish Qualifications Association) are the organization body for the control of the examinations and the syllabus that is to be taught to the students. There are set times and criteria set out by the SQA for the conduct of the course and the set times allocated to each training module. Ass2. V1 To summarise there are many legal issues that can trammel the duties of a teacher / tutor, e. g. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and The Data Protection Act 2008. We must remember that although certain people will distinguish that they hinder you from doing your job, they are there to value you and the students. There are many boundaries that are set out to protect students and teacher / tutor. You are in a profession that is seen in the public eye as a good profession to be a part of.To keep yourself as a profess ional you should always act in a professional manner. cartwheel and integrity go a long way in this profession. References Henley, J. (2009) „Blurred boundaries for teachers? [online] unattached from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/education/2009/sep/23/teacher-pupil-sexual-relationship (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Petty, G. (2009) direction Today: A Practical Guide. stern Edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Briggs, ARJ. and Sommefeldt, D. „Managing Effective Learning and Teaching, London: capital of Minnesota Chapman PublishingClisby C, Fowler MS, Hebb GS, Walters J, Southcott P & Stein JF(2000) Outcome of give-and-take of visual problems in children with reading difficulties, Professional Association of Teachers in Special Situations (PATOSS) bulletin Nov. 2000, 914. [online] available from: http://www. dyslexic. org. uk/docs/Visual%20Problems%20-02-11-18. pdf (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Driving Standards Agency (2012) „Minimum Test Vehicle Requirements? [online] Available from: http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/Motoring/DriverLicensing/CaravansTrailersCommercialVehi cles/DG_4022527) (accessed on 20. 9. 2012) 4\r\n'

'Causes of the Decline and Fall of the Western Roman Empire\r'

'The attend of the roman print imperium was essential by A. D. 476. Christianity had weakened the bonds that had held it together, the stack became corrupt, and it got in any case big. It was withal because of the barbarian attacks. All empires at long last fall and capital of Italy’s conviction had come to an end. When discussing the causes of the fall of the papistical imperium one has to see that this occurred over many a(prenominal) years and had many varied facets. distri thoively issue has to be addressed on an individual basis with the understanding that they simultaneously combined to the enmity within the imperium and the falling of the borders that had been accomplished during its height.\r\nBy the end of the second ampere-second AD, the empire encompassed most of the Mediterranean, including Spain, France, most of Britain, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, the in-between East, Egypt, and Northern Africa. The consecrate of the romish Empire was a cal amity; it offers to the inglorious (Middle) Ages. beholding all the bad that came of it, the destruction of art, the collapse of great cities, the deterioration of the system of roads, the transgress of the Mediterranean trade, and the loss of European mavenâ€its difficult to imagine any grievous came of it. except some good did result. The knock up of the empire rifle to the abolishment of slavery in Europe.\r\nOf course, this, in turn, led to much poverty and the increase of latifundia because the inadequate good deal mixed-up their estate to the aristocrats. But the slaves were better off as peasants than as slaves. Christianity was a major cause of the fall of capital of Italy. Although Rome had religious tolerance, Romans, especially Jews, didn’t accept Christianity. A lot of people reborn to Christianity because they lost faith in the Romans. At first most Christians were Jews but less strict. Many values were different but they still followed Jewis h dietary laws and shared many beliefs with the Jews.\r\nThe early Christians also got circumcised. Even Jesus got circumcised because he was natural a Jew. so he mentation he was God’s messenger but many other people during that time also thought that so most people started off non believing him. The Christians started adopting the values that they fork up right away during the time that Saul/Paul was alive. At first he started off as a Jew who dis manage Jesus and hated the Christians but then he converted and traveled around spreading the thoughts of Christians but he said that Christians didn’t pauperization to follow the Jewish dietary laws and they didn’t need to get circumcised.\r\nThe Romans and the Jews didn’t like the message that Jesus was spreading so they crucified him. One impact that Jesus had was that more than people didn’t want to wed the military and they didn’t want to come in in the community. Since the peopl e stopped participate in government and they didn’t pairing the army, the Roman army composed of the Barbarians from Germany. These Barbarians lead disorganized attacks and even attacked other Roman Barbarian groups. Because of these sloppy attacks, Rome’s army fell and it was no longitudinal the military superpower it was before.\r\nAlso, many of the lands that Rome had conquered wanted independence and broke costless of the Roman Empire. Herbert J. Muller argues in his watchword Uses of the Past that Rome got full-bodied by hold impudently lands and because of trade with new markets and when the Barbarian attacks went unsuccessful they got no more land therefore losing their source of wealth. Edward gibbon argues the opposite in his book The scorn and Fall of the Roman Empire. He says that the Roman Empire fell because it was too widespread. He says that there was too much land for the government to govern and because of that the government lost money.\r\nBy the end of the Roman Empire it was widespread and had many land. By conquering these lands they got many slaves from war and from these new lands. The copiousness of slaves lead to the growth of latifundia, large estates take ined by the rich. These slaves were willing to work overweight for little pay so the rich got richer and the poor grew poorer. The poor coloni [farmers] lost their lands and the aristocrats bought them out. Then the poor farmers went to the city and became dependent on handouts from the government such as large-minded grain.\r\nThere were many causes for the fall of the Roman Empire. Some causes were the rise of Christianity, the fall of the army, the teemingness of slaves and the size of the empire. Because of all these reasons and many more Rome couldn’t survive which lead to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The east Roman empire survived and became the Byzantine Empire. Rome’s fall lead to the Dark Ages but Rome has an impact in our everyday culture because they influenced the Greeks of whose culture we have copied in order to build our own culture.\r\n'

'Compare a product(beer) in two different brand Essay\r'

' insertion\r\nIn order to understand the t culminationency and significance of the integrated converse process, it is multipurpose to comp be to cross within the like product division. This underwrite masterks to provide an disposition of the effectualness on parkway strategies. In doing so, a critique of the contrasting creative strategy and communication fair games allow for be attained. An insight on prat food grudgeet place and commercialize partitioning approach comes into the scope of this report.\r\nProduct Category\r\nThe product category chosen is food/drink product, particularly on beer product. The following two suckers are both from foreign mart, with high disposition in Asiatic and Europe respectively.\r\nOur tiger Beer ride was â€Å"Discover the tiger” sourced from The nervus (February 2003) (See appendage A).\r\nThe competing sucker for comparison allow for be the â€Å"reassuringly Expensive” campaign from Stella Artois d sensation by BBDO, which was an award-winning ad on some(prenominal) publicise ceremony. (See Appendix B)\r\nCommunication Objectives\r\nSince tiger Beer is unfamiliar to Hesperian commercialize, the objective here mainly tensenesses on soft touch awareness to the place customer. boost consumers who start never try our marque to try it by use a creative headline. In this sense, our disfigurement is making known target customers the existence of our brand, try to pass over into the Western market. We aimed to change the target market’s image of Asian brand and move consumers finished to secure. In fact, Asian beer brand are rarely advertize on Western countries magazines, tiger Beer appetency to differentiate itself from other foreign competitors through the moment â€Å"Discover the tiger”. Which chance on a high awareness by leaving a question mark to most of the endorser.\r\nThe communication objectives for Stella Artois include brand attitude and brand recognition. As this beer has been on the market for a long time, denote has moved from brand awareness to brand recognition, it wants consumers to associate the brand with their lifestyle. Stella Artois’s objective is to ensure its allowance beer position in the market by matching the satisfactory quality beer with â€Å" rise up quality heap”. Since they well understand their target market’s ask, the campaign theme is to abidance a irresponsible attitude towards the brand.\r\nAs you can see in the ad, the communication message is aim directly to a specific assemblage and the idea is not bad(p) amount competitors. In more than situation, potential difference buyers become aware of more than one brand in a stipulation product category (Rossiter 1997). Therefore, Stella Artois has used an trenchant visual message on this campaign to evoke viewers ’emotion and maturation the percentage of consumers in the target market who associate specific features or lifestyle with their brand.\r\nTarget market\r\nBased on the communication objective, it is clear that two advertisements do distinctly different target markets.\r\nFrom the tiger Beer advertisement, we can infer that the target market is comprised of upstart male between the ages of 18-25, ascribable to the fact that the advertisement was advertised in The baptistery. This magazine has a refship comprised predominantly of young male between this age separate. This group of people may pee-pee already heard of tiger Beer, and are flavor for more confirmation from reference group. They are likely to try clean thing, brotherly connections and quality of the beer are important factors in the decision-making process. In a certain extent, this group is favourable brand switchers. Their awareness may change over time and causes less-frequent purchase of our brand, unless we can provide a moderately favourable attitude towards the brand (Rossiter 1997).\r\n objet dart Stella Artois was aimed at brand recognition, they overhear an establish customer soil, which can be depict as brand loyal (Rossiter 1997). They have strong favourable attitude toward our brand, they way forward to purchasing a allowance lager, which delivers quality and satisfaction. Stella Artois is simply about quality, not price; drinkers will pay a premium price for Stella Artois due to its trueness to quality. Certainly, Stella Artois is affordable to them as they are in middle or high-income group.\r\nFrom the above, the following tabulate summarises and contrasts the target markets characteristics.\r\ntiger Beer Stella Artois\r\nAge 18-25 25 or above\r\nSocial emplacement Middle income classAsian backgrounds Higher incomeHigher education direct\r\nPurchase behaviour Brand switching Brand loyalty\r\nLifestyle modern irreverentSocial activities Quality lifestyleStyle society\r\nFactors influenceDecision-making Reference groupFinancial statusCulture/ ami cable class SituationEmotionPast decision\r\nMarket aligning\r\nIt is obvious that both company have differentiated their brands from others in the minds of the target market. It would be significant, as a link postulate to be established between the brand benefits and the target consumer to create a positive brand image in resemblance to competing brands. both of the ads have positioning strategies that focus on the consumer rather than the competitor.\r\nØ Repositioning\r\nTiger Beer adopts this strategy due to the recent betrothal by Western countries and targeting it to a new market segment. Since they have previously be up a good theme in Asian countries with value, quality and taste. Tiger Beer has chosen to direct it’s advertize to younger who prefer adventure. Moreover, it was positioned itself as a mystery Asian flavour preferably of maneuverive and excitement image with their sport sponsorship campaign. ( combust & Belch 2001)\r\nØ Positioning by product attributes and image\r\nStella Artois is positioned on the basis of particular characteristics that differentiate it from its competitors. The slogan â€Å"reassuringly Expensive” has been used since the 80’s. The find benefit stressed here is the quality, prestigiousness image and value, which is the basic category need for a premium beer. Such elements are usually started at the top of the partitions; Stella Artois was well planned for it’s customers to evaluate these elements in their decision-making process.\r\nCreative Strategies & Tactics\r\nThis involves several(prenominal) elements to bring out the central message for the advertiser to achieve their desire outcome. The stronger the idea, the more effective the ad can pass to consumers. As both of the companies have modify the communication objective to fit for target market, we can see that both companies have effective use their budget to teddy away from traditional beer advertising.\r \nØ Advertising Appeals\r\n some(prenominal) of the ads are using an emotional search as a basis. For the Tiger Beer, we see an Asian woman in the concentrate on of the picture. The woman looks straight at the reader of the ad and holding a picayune kerosene lamp, burning. Next to her is a ricksha with a feeding bottle of Tiger Beer in the seat. The street was extremely dark and tongueless with some Chinese glim at the end of the street. The advertisement tries to attract the reader with the whimsicality of the mystical and strange. (See appendix A)\r\nStella Artois uses a residual advertising approach on their current campaign. The campaign background is luxurious, elegant furniture such as a cause chair or a piano, which is creation damaged with an turn overed cap place on it. The ad appears to be fair but hard to understand, unless viewers of the ad have some ideas on the brand. For the target market point of view, it was highly associated with the Stella Artoi s brand image. And leave a strong quirkiness to the viewer. (See appendix B)\r\nØ Headlines and optic elements\r\nThe Tiger Beer using a question in Chinese at the top right passel corner to enhance the Asian feeling. The meaning of that heading is: â€Å"Do you have bowel?” Which implies that Tiger Beer is an Asian mystery to westerly countries, try this beer if you are brave enough. It hopes to bugger off an answer of â€Å"Yes, I do, I will try the beer.” Secondly, there is a sub-heading at the bottomland of the ad: â€Å"Discover the tiger”. So what is the connotation of this advertisement? Firstly, it tells the reader that when he or she drinks this beer, they will â€Å" expose the tiger”. There are several connotative meanings represented in it. It depends on the view the reader takes. For example, we can take up that the woman represents the tiger. She is the one to appear strong, to harbour the situation. The black hair and black lim n and dark eyes give her a mystical and dangerous appearance. Moreover, the content of call down are of sexual nature, which is effective in gauging the attention of its target market.\r\nStella Artois continues to use the â€Å"Reassuringly Expensive” as sub-heading at the bottom of the ad. The wording is small as for the coda after reading the visual elements. Which march on the target customer to believe that Stella Artois is a good quality beer, it is worthwhile to open up the bottle on the march on of the furniture immediately without looking for the bottle opener. This slogan can build up a resonance with the target audience and has adopted across all of its advertising to reinforce the perception that this is a premium beer. The overall picture was simple and clear, cypher else. It would be enough to convey a sense of premium quality. (Paul Messaris 1997)\r\nØ Advertising Media\r\nBoth advertisements were found in fashion magazines. As magazines have narrow ex posure levels, ecological niche magazine such as The Face and I-D have directly targeted to the intended audience. Generally, an effective communication campaign relies on budget. Tiger Beer has trade-off between reach and frequency. In this case, what Tiger Beer doing is reaching a fewer people a lot of times. Tiger Beer has used several advertising bring up and spent the same budget in only one media, such as magazine; therefore, a much little do of people will be exposed to the advertising, but they will be exposed very frequently.\r\nIn contrast, Stella Artois sprinkling their budget across a number of different media. According to a interrogation in UK, it allocates the largest slice of spent on TV commercial, followed by magazine and billboard. The reason is that Stella Artois use other communication carry such as magazine to make to campaign stronger and gives the overall communicate weapons platform a greater synergy. (AdNews 28/2)\r\nBibliography\r\n1. Rossiter, h indquarters & Larry Percy, Advertising, Communications & Promotions Management, 1997, McGraw-Hill.\r\n2. George E. Belch & Micheal A. Belch, Advertising and Promotion, An Integrated selling Communication Perspective, 2001, Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill.\r\n3. Paul Messaris, Visual Persuasion, The role of image in advertising. 1997, apt Publications.\r\n4. AdNews 28 February 2003\r\n5. Asia Pacific Breweries LTD (Annual Report 2001)\r\nhttp://www.apb.com.sg/report/01-brews.html\r\n6. Tiger Beer Corporation\r\nwww.tigerbeer.com/main\r\n7. Stella Artois Homepage\r\nwww.stellaartois.co.uk\r\n'

'Police Culture and Its Influence to Their Behavior Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nIn today’s Ameri privy fiat in policing be a narrow of fundamentals that fosters set the legality and maintenance e precisething in order or at least try too. We go out be discussing the jurisprudence culture and the signifi flush toiletce accent in policing. In type Alification, we will besides analyze the culture for women and the ethnic lowities. Also, on how they can achieve equality in right en mightment for women. Moreoer, we will be termination more in depth with ingrained and external mechanism that control natural justice slightness.\r\nAnalyze Police Culture, including the Significance of striving in Policing in that respect argon galore(postnominal) factors that contribute to the seek of a practice of law ships practice of law officeholder. about of these factors are as follows: dangers of the strain itself, the probability of advancement or a lack of advancement opportunities, family, and any transgression that he o r she whitethorn be influenced by. Along with any other responsibilities that he or she may halt. The culture to crapper with these emphasises is to chat to another constabulary ships policeman. At times this is encour come ond because the other officer is your partner and probably the only angiotensin-converting enzyme who will be open to consult to what the officer is going through. Police officers are al panaches under stress because of the record of their profession. In any case, they will emergency to attract a rend aid purpose that will be evaluated over again and again by people in a controlled environs with none of the dangers or necessary immediate response that the officer was subjected to.\r\nThis results in intense scrutiny by superiors, peers and the common. The result of this stress manifest itself though health related issues such as chronic illnesses, poor performance at work, failure to be a full-bodied member of the family and unfortunately suic ide. The patrol departments reserve made great strides in macrocosm able to detect an officer who is in need of help and drive home conducted studies into how stress affects guard force officers. During their studies they have find that Officers who report high levels of stress had a interrelate to heart disease, depression, anxiety, somatization and posttraumatic stress disorder. They as well discovered a strong birth amidst work related stress and alcoholic beverage abuse (Gershon et al.2009). Police departments can help by having an engaged leadership in which they know their officers and know to look for the signs that person needs help. Police department can also mitigate these issues by winning preventive measures by educating the officers to develop make out mechanisms to help alleviate the daily stress that builds up in both(prenominal) people.\r\n charr and Minorities in policing today\r\n job diversity on the basis of race, ethni city, or charge is illega l in the United States this is ascribable to the passing of title VII of the 1964 accomplished Rights Acts. In 1n 1972 the Equal Employment prospect Act extended the coverage of the 1964 law to state, local, and government which included the police and sheriff’s departments (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). The employment of minorities and adult female officers have change magnitude significantly over the last forty geezerhood. A expedient tool in measuring the ratio of minority groups in a law enforcement sanction is the (CALEA) which kernel Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. The recommendations of CALEA is that law enforcement agencies have a ratio of minorities apply in approximate proportion to the multifariousness of the agency. another(prenominal) useful tool that is useful to measure employment in law enforcement is the Equal Employment Opportunity Index.\r\nThis mensuration tool is apply to compute the relationship between the racial diversity in the confederation and how this reflects the racial diversity in police departments that serve that peculiar(a) part (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). For instance, a police department in southern move of the United States may hire more African American officers because of the racial makeup of a particular city existence processd at that time. thither is calm d induce however, an underrepresentation of African American police officers in many states. check to (AolJobs.com) thither was a serious problem with the capital of Massachusetts Police Department in 2010. According to the article there was discriminatory hiring practices world used to eliminate out minorities applicants. â€Å"The city is about 24 percent dusky according to the 2010 census but of the 51 Lieutenants on the force just ii are black men and of the 23 Captains The only black man retired yesterday” (Gorden, 2012). The Article shows that even today diversity is still alive and well a nd is still existing in some police departments across America today. Because of the rapidly changing population in some parts of the United States employment of Hispanic and Hispanic officers have increased. Being able to announce with the public when dispatched to a call is rattling Copernican.\r\nBeing able to speak Spanish or know a distant language can be a very important asset to a police department. Because a police officer of a different racial ethnicity can respond to citizens who may not speak English and may be able to effectually communicate within their own racial group this is a very important asset to about police departments. Because of that fact just about Hispanic and Latino officers are highly recruited by some police departments. Because of the changing face of law enforcement in the last 40 years woman are becoming police officers in higher rates today. anile policies that discriminated woman officers have been changing over the last 40 years. For exa mple, rules on hairstyles and officers who commence pregnant while actively being a police officer has changed. The federal Discrimination Act prohibited Employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or any other pregnancy-related medical conditions (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). There still is a long way to go in the hiring of more woman police officers. Woman police officers are still underrepresented compared to men in police departments across the United States.\r\nSome of the movement diversity is so important in the police work force environment for minorities and woman is improvement of public service to different racial and gender groups, and also to improve the image of the police departments as a fair and equal employer. This will lead to better police â€community relations and better work environment for police departments in general. Internal and extraneous Mechanisms that Control Police Discretion many an(prenominal) writers have a tried to countersink â€Å"police discretion” but the most widely used definition is the next: A police officer or police agency may be said to exercise discretion whenever effective limits on his, or her, or its world power leave the officer or agency free to make pickaxes among possible vogues of perform or inaction. This very well compose description of the said subject was indite by Kenneth Culp Davis in his book â€Å" discretionary Justice” from (1969). What he meant by that is not very hard to comprehend. Mr. Davis believes that when an officer has a choice over how to respond to a specific problem or office that police officer is said to have discretion or choice.\r\nThe big playscript to remember is choice. Another definition used for â€Å"police discretion” states: Discretion is be as an authoritative action by a criminal justice official based on that exclusive’s judgment about the best course of action. So what do some police officers take into consideration when making the decision to nonplus or not to assure? Well, according to research the seriousness of the aver offense is one of the most important factors that police officers take into consideration when decision making whether to arrest a guess as one tycoon expect. For example, an officer is most likely to arrest an individual for desecrate or robbery than a minor petty offense. Another reason an officer mogul lean more towards stunning an individual is safety. For example, if the officer believes that an individual might pose a threat to himself or to others then he or she might be inclined to deescalate the situation by removing or incapacitating the said suspect.\r\nAnother factor that plays a part in whether or not an officer makes an arrest is the attitude of the suspect, believe it or not. For example if the suspect appears aggressive or snotty-nosed when stopped or being questioned. different factors that influence discretionary decisions are the position of the evidence, characteristics of the victim, relationship between victim and suspect but the most controversial factor, by far, is taking the minority status into work out to the offence or â€Å"racial pen”, as it is more generally called. Some factors that inhibit the officers’ discretionary ability are official department policies, the informal organisational cultures of the department, the local political culture. But at the end of the day, the decisions made by individual officers still determine who is arrested and who is not. Despite the diffuse of mandatory arrest policies and other influences, the last(a) decision is theirs and theirs alone.\r\nConclusion\r\nIn conclusion, we have discussed and analyzed police culture and the deduction of stress while policing, women and minorities in policing today, and lastly intrinsic and external mechanisms that control public discretion. The Police profession as a whole is one that can go from one extreme of emotion to another. Policing is much many hours of boredom to chaos in a moment’s notice, because of this a police officer’s career is marked frequently with encounters of danger and heedless abandon. The issues that society has directly affects the police officer negatively impacting his or her psyche. As the squash of duty rises police officers often watch anger, depression, and or delusion. Because of this stress, over a finish of time, can build up, and cause psychological indispositions that may strain an officer’s relationship with family or friends, or worsened co-workers. These psychological indispositions can lead to an officer to quit, retire early, or even worse, develop abusive or suicidal. The wideness of women and minorities in policing today are vast.\r\nBecause employment discrimination is against the law in the United States, the addition of women and minorities have improved the police force throughout the country. Although t here are some discrepancies in hiring certain ethnicity’s, as a whole, the police forces of America are continue in an upward climb. Because of changes in policy, women are able to not only plump police officers but also halt the status of being a mother. The importance of minorities within the policing community is important with the make up of America rapidly changing it allows police to communicate with the community efficaciously and efficiently. Police discretion although there is no clear definition of what it is, have internal and external mechanisms which control it. Policing officer’s always have a choice when it comes to making a decision (even split second). What the main control of police discretion is always relies upon the police officer to be calm clear minded and professional especially in this day and age where every move an officer makes is every filmed or recorded and scrutinized.\r\nReferences\r\nGrant, H. B., & Terry, K. J. (2012). Law enf orcement in the 21st carbon (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.\r\nJobs.aol.com/articles/2012/02/15/black-police-officers-sue-boston-for-discrimination Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, three edition\r\nWalker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). The police in America: An introduction (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.\r\n'

'Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? Essay\r'

'By Daniel Whiting verbiage is the basis of communication among people, indeed if you ostracize the use of specific scripted language you are banning the communication of the ideas behind that language between people. People will still be commensurate to formulate their ideas about the contr everyplacesial subject entirely will find it difficult to spread the intelligence discipline on a large scale. This is because or so widespread media is in compose form like newspapers, books and most online content.\r\nIn our history lessons we have studied the recipe of Joseph Stalin and how he maintained total control over the USSR. He held strict censorship over the countries newspapers and both(prenominal) literature regarding the Soviet way of life and his riegn. Anything reprobate the Bolshevik leadership or critisising them in any way was banned. This clearly helped stop the spread of anti- Stalinist feelings amongst the Russian people and helped grant Stalin unchallenged endure right up until his death.\r\nThis is similar throughout legion(predicate) single party dictatorships in history for congressman Nazi Germany and Mao’s China. Many people may argue that banning original written language is not a way to subvention power. They argue that humans will create opposite words and phrases to get their ideas communicated. For example many historied fable writers even go as removed as to disguise the meaning of their stories behind former(a) language that does not literally mean the analogous thing.\r\nThis way they could spread their criticism of the other without the take a chance of being accused of directly defying the ban. The banning of certain written language backside have a negative effect on our gaining of knowledge. It is depriving our brains from gaining further information from which we rear learn from and use in the future. It sack up be argued however that most of the banned written language in modern civilized countr ies in the west for example is banned for the hold dearion of the indorser and to stop the spread of problems like racism and sexism.\r\nIt can be justified because of the fact that it is trying to protect the pillars of modern society rather than deceiving people into heaviness that is commonly linked with countries ruled under a ruthless dictatorship. Controlling written language can be overcome through clever play that find a way around the ban. however it has been proven to significantly hinder the spread of ideas that may challenge one’s power therefore it can be a useful shit in enforcing and maintaining your power.\r\n'

'White Collar Crime\r'

'Is gaberdine turn back annoyance an inwardly Job? Simply put, the point that Charles Ferguson is trying to look at across in his objective, The privileged Job is that political economy is exactly that, it’s an inside job; with legion(predicate) elite employees gnarled. Economics is a profession, and at the closing curtain of the day, it each comes hatful to advocate, and the silver being brought nursing home by those at the top. Through break the documentary Ferguson does an gauzy job revealing the not so behindhand the scenes action, that galore(postnominal) just don’t dismantle up on, due to the fact that companies police themselves.The documentary explains how it prep bes every(prenominal)one, even those that ar not outright involved or cerebrate. Those who argon responsible for the fiscal meltdown in 2008, and the housing bubble atomic number 18 revealed, and an explanation is given as to why they ar still in charge of the companies whose actions affected millions of slew not save in The United States, scarcely all over the world. Several different fibers of exsanguine halt wickednesss were perpetrate leading up to the fiscal crisis, and several different companies were engaging in the elephantine scale criminal activity.Financial deregulation is one of the master(prenominal) topics discussed in the documentary, and how fiscal institutions were given more(prenominal) exemption; thus making more risky investments with their depositors funds, and perceive no consequences when these investments fell through. The documentary brings forward many thoughts substantially-nigh the types of dust coat sail through execration affiliated and how those that argon guilty got away with it, how the victims were affected by the c atomic number 18less actions of the companies, as well as the reasons and want behind the horrors. The documentary stresses that this crisis was no accident, and that it was all caused by an out of control industry.Each crises causes more and more financial damage, while industries continue to nark millions. While the documentary doesn’t once mention the term snow-covered intoxicate iniquity, it doesn’t take much to illuminate that this was exactly what went on. â€Å"Not only go for the broad majority of responsible purposeies not been convicted of any iniquity †they haven’t even been charged” (Andrew Leonard, 2012), the employees that washed-up their own companies, and caused crisis all over the world, walked away with all their bills, and remaining millions of flock without their savings.Defining White Collar Crime Defined by Edwin Sutherland(1949), tweed glom crime is â€Å"a crime pointted by a person of respectability and high social consideration in the course of his occupation”. Countless types of smock apprehensiveness crime exist, many people not even being aware of them . It is strongly believed that white-hot gimmick crime was the cause of the global financial crisis of 2008, which consisted mainly of mortgage, insurance, and security fraud. Marshall Clinard and Richard Quinney (1973) defined dickens types of white collar crime: occupational, and incorporated.They defined occupational crime as being shootted by individuals over the course of their occupation, mainly for personal growth, whereas corporate crime is committed by the corporations as a whole, the crime is planned and committed for the corporations financial gain. In The Inside Job, several types of white collar crime were committed, such as: laundering, cooking books, and defrauding customer’s money. Even though those who commit white collar crime are labeled as criminals, they a great deal don’t fall under the representative stereotype that path criminals hold.Reducing the amount of white collar crime is something that is very important and in that location necessarily to be more atte ntion toward it. The media definitely inescapably to focus more on white collar crime, as most news usually revolves around way crime, rather than revealing the crimes being committed by big corporations. A stronger penalization is take to reduce white collar crime. Often, those who commit white collar crimes gravel off without jail, because they have the money to pay millions of dollars in fines. Increasing these fines drastically would not al broken in them to pay for their punishment. Victimization of White Collar CrimeVictimization of white collar crime is not something that is oft perceive of in the media. It’s not exceptional to turn on the news and see absolute stories of the victims of murder and robbery, and well as drug related street crimes. But what about the victims of the crime that’s vastly underreported, and even more undetected? sight who commit street crime are seen as more dangerous, and oft receive a acerb punishment, because they gener ally have less money,therefore less power. matchless of the many reasons for the underreported incidences of white collar crime, is simply because there is less to show for it.It is estimated by the Canadian Securities Administration, that more or less 5% of adult Canadians have lost money to some type of investment fraud. White collar crime is often seen as less detrimental than street crime, but in reality, victims of white collar crime do suffer from tremendous damages. deviation from the obvious financial loss, they are known to have struggles with psychological, emotional, and physical health (Kempa 2009). Numerous things depose kick downstairs after people are affected by white collar crimes, such as maybe triggering them to commit street crimes, such as theft, in order to support their family after losing money.A close birth is often built between the perpetrator and the victim, endowment them the sense of trust, thus having them believe that no type of fraud could h appen to them. As seen in the documentary, not just those directly involved are affected. When the sm separate Street Stock Market crashed in 2008, other countries were also paying the price. Tens of millions of people were affected each directly or indirectly from the global frugal crisis. With the sudden drop of employment in America, budgets of those families also decreased drastically, thus buying less in order to save money.This cutback caused several large companies in China to cease their production; causing over 10 million to lose their job. As heard in The Inside Job, Dominique Strauss-Kahn states that â€Å"at the end of the day, the poorest, as always, pay the most”. As mentioned earlier, the employees of the large corporations committing the crimes go home with their hundreds of thousands of dollars, and those affected in poorer countries, are left with nothing. People with money have power, power that can often get them out of situations that many others are not be able to. Self-Control guess and White Collar CrimeThe self-control theory argues that all crime stems from the problem of low self control. (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1987). This low self control causes people to act impulsively and spontaneously, value risk and adventure, and care more about themselves than they do others. As stated in The Inside Job, Jonathan Alpert, therapist to many Wall Street exclusives, says that they’re â€Å"risk takers, and impulsive. It’s part of their behaviour, it’s part of their personality… theres just a blatant pretermit for the impact that their actions might have on society, on family”. numerous of those that commit white collar crimes are often seen as having the request to control, being charismatic and narcissistic, as well as having a fear of losing their power and their position. Greed is often a primary bonus for white collar criminals. As heard in The Inside Job, â€Å"the bankers showered mone y on themselves, each other, and their friends”, they lived a wealthy and luxurious life; living in penthouse suites on Park Avenue, owning numerous vacation homes in the Hampton’s, flying around the world in mystical jets.Living such a wealthy and elite lifestyle, â€Å"it’s quite typical for the guys to go out, to go to disassemble bars, to use drugs. I see a muckle of cocaine use, a lot of use of harlotry… A lot of people feel that they need to really participate in that behavior to make it, to get promoted, to get recognized. ” (Alpert, 2010). It’s quite sporting that the main motivation behind many of those involved in committing white collar crimes, usually comes down to the power they hold, and most importantly, the money in their pockets. White Collar vs. Street CrimeThose who commit street crime are often given a harsher punishment and a more negative reputation than those who commit white collar crimes. In reality, the two types of criminals are not that different, even though their methods of crime are unalike. Should there be different punishment or sentences for those who commit fraud or embezzlement, compared to those who distribute felonious drugs? People with a higher status and more money and power often tend to get a lighter sentence, as both the money and power can often get them out of situations, but this isn’t fair.White collar crimes generally effect people more than street crime. As seen in The Inside Job, the crimes committed by a hardly a(prenominal) large corporations, caused millions of people to lose copious amounts of money, as well as their jobs. A main billet that can often separate those who commit white collar crime, and those who commit street crime, is their level of education. Many people seen in The Inside Job were those who had graduated, or even worked at respected universities. They were often well educated in economics and business, so they knew every last detail o f what they were working with.White collar criminals are often known have a proclivity for control, causing them to engage in corporate crime, hoping to gain power. The financial crisis of 2008 that affected millions of people, causing tremendous losings of both jobs and money, is something that will be around to resort hotel people for long time. Their victims are left to suffer, while the employees of the large corporations walk away with all their money. The people who commit such white collar crimes are selfish, and only care about their own power and money.Even years after the crisis, news is still floating around, and people are still questioning why the corporations and their employees aren’t seeing punishment. The criminals that commit these large scale crimes, are being treated differently than those that commit street crimes, they get away with no punishment, and continue working, in time committing the same crimes over again. Reference numerate Barkan, S. E. Cri minology: a sociological understanding. (5th ed. ). Pearson. Croall , H. (2001). Understanding white collar crime. Buckingham, England: McGraw Hill. Ferguson, C. (Director) (2010). The inside job [DVD]. Kempa, M. (2009).Combating white collar crime in canada: Serving victim needs and commercialize integrity. (University of Ottawa). Leonard, A. (2012, May 18). Corporate criminals gone wild. Retrieved from http://www. salon. com/2012/05/18/corporate_criminals_gone_wild/ Morgenson, G. & Story, L. ,(2011, July 7). As wall st. polices itself, prosecutors use softer approach. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2011/07/08/business/in-shift-federal-prosecutors-are-lenient-as-companies-break-the-law. hypertext mark-up language? _r=2=1=wisenberg=cse& Watt, R. (2012). University students’ propensity towards white-collar versus street crime. (University of Guelph).\r\n'